What are the significant influence functions within the APER controlled functions of the FCA?

The correct answer identifies the significant influence functions within the Approved Persons Regime (APER) as those that pertain specifically to the governance and management of an organization. Governing functions and customer dealing functions are crucial because they highlight the responsibilities of individuals in leadership and direct interaction roles within financial firms.

Governing functions refer to the activities associated with managing the overall direction and control of the firm, ensuring that it meets its regulatory obligations and operates in a sound manner. Customer dealing functions involve direct engagement with clients, thereby playing a significant role in how the firm's services are delivered and how customer relationships are managed. These functions are critical because they have a direct impact on the firm's conduct and the integrity of its dealings with clients, which are key considerations for regulators like the FCA.

The other options, while they may represent important aspects of a firm's operations, do not encapsulate the essence of the significant influence functions as defined under APER. For instance, investment advice and compliance oversight focus more on specific roles rather than the broader governance and customer interaction responsibilities. Similarly, financial forecasting and risk management emphasize operational aspects rather than influence functions, and marketing strategies and operational planning do not align with the regulatory framework that governs approved persons.